{"id":3391,"date":"2020-11-13T15:08:51","date_gmt":"2020-11-13T13:08:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/geneceutica.ro\/sase-patologii-distincte-si-o-singura-cauza-surplusul-de-histamina-din-organism\/"},"modified":"2023-03-22T15:23:50","modified_gmt":"2023-03-22T13:23:50","slug":"sase-patologii-distincte-si-o-singura-cauza-surplusul-de-histamina-din-organism","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/geneceutica.ro\/en\/sase-patologii-distincte-si-o-singura-cauza-surplusul-de-histamina-din-organism\/","title":{"rendered":"SASE PATOLOGII DISTINCTE \u0218I O SINGUR\u0102 CAUZ\u0102 &#8211; Surplusul de histamin\u0103 din organism"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"3391\" class=\"elementor elementor-3391 elementor-254\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f381ad3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"f381ad3\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_glider_is_slider&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3860f30\" data-id=\"3860f30\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_column_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_column_has_pseudo&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e7fdba5 ob-harakiri-inherit ob-has-background-overlay elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e7fdba5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_ob_use_harakiri&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_harakiri_writing_mode&quot;:&quot;inherit&quot;,&quot;_ob_postman_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_widget_stalker_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_poopart_use&quot;:&quot;yes&quot;,&quot;_ob_shadough_use&quot;:&quot;no&quot;,&quot;_ob_allow_hoveranimator&quot;:&quot;no&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.14.0 - 26-06-2023 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#69727d;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#69727d;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<p>\u00cen ultimii ani cercet\u0103torii au explorat mecanismele din spatele intoleran\u021bei tot mai recunoscute \u0219i mai bine \u00een\u021belese la histamin\u0103. Se estimeaz\u0103 c\u0103 1% din popula\u021bie sufer\u0103 de acest sindrom. Responsabil\u0103 pentru o gam\u0103 larg\u0103 de simptome \u00een aparen\u021b\u0103 distincte, ingestia de alimente care con\u021bin histamin\u0103 de c\u0103tre indivizi ne\u00eenarmati pentru a neutraliza eficient aceast\u0103 amin\u0103 \u00a0poate duce la o serie nepl\u0103cut\u0103 de probleme func\u021bionale.<\/p><p><strong><b>Aminele biogene<\/b><\/strong><strong><b>\u00a0<\/b><\/strong><strong><b>&#8211; cheia unor patologii surprinz\u0103toare<\/b><\/strong><\/p><p>\u00cen anul 1907, Windaus \u0219i Vogt, doi cercet\u0103tori germani descriau pentru prima data \u00een istoria medicinei histamina. o amin\u0103 \u00a0rezultat\u0103 din decarboxilarea histidinei. [1] Dale \u0219i Laidlaw \u00een anii urm\u0103tori au identificat c\u0103 histamina apar\u021bine aminelor biogene, clas\u0103 din care fac parte \u0219i putresceina, tiramina, spermina cadaverina \u0219i neurotransmi\u021b\u0103torii- catecolamine \u0219i indolamine. [2]<\/p><p>Aminele biogene se reg\u0103sesc \u00een toate organismele vii \u0219i, prin urmare, sunt prezente \u0219i \u00een diferite alimente, cum ar fi laptele, pe\u0219tele, carnea, fructele \u0219i legumele.<\/p><p>Intoleran\u021ba la histamin\u0103 este un complex simptomatic caracterizat prin reducerea sau lipsa total\u0103 a activit\u0103\u021bii unei enzime cunoscut\u0103 sub denumirea de diaminoxidaz\u0103 (DAO), cauzat\u0103 de interac\u021biuni medicamentoase, modific\u0103rile func\u021biei microbiomului, patologii umane sau alter\u0103ri ale unor anumite gene.<\/p><p>\u00cen plus, o concentra\u021bie crescut\u0103 a histaminei \u00een organism care poate provoca reac\u021bii de intoleran\u021b\u0103 rezult\u0103 \u0219i din ingestia unor alimente bogate \u00een histamin\u0103, cum ar fi alimentele fermentate sau maturate, de exemplu.<\/p><p>Localizarea DAO \u00een mucoasa intestinal\u0103 sugereaz\u0103 c\u0103 intoleran\u021ba la histamin\u0103 este probabil o tulburare de origine gastro-intestinal\u0103. Cu toate acestea, excesul de histamin\u0103 \u0219i simptomele asociate cu aceasta sunt de obicei manifeste \u00een contextul alergiilor sezoniere.<\/p><p><strong><b>Top 5 simptome ale excesului de histamin\u0103 din corp<\/b><\/strong><\/p><p>Simptome precum dureri de cap, rinoreea apoas\u0103 (curgerea nasului), urticaria sau m\u00e2nc\u0103rimile \u00a0pielii (prurit), tendin\u021b\u0103 crescut\u0103 la reac\u021bii astmatice \u0219i agita\u021bie sau iritabilitate sunt cel mai frecvent evocate de pacien\u021bi. \u00a0Dar ele nu sunt singurele nepl\u0103ceri provocate de excesul de histamin\u0103 nedegradat corespunz\u0103tor la nivelul organismului.<\/p><p>Histamina excesiv\u0103, prin degradarea crescut\u0103 a mastocitelor, se poate manifesta \u00eentr-o mare varietate de simptome datorit\u0103 ac\u021biunilor sale asupra mai multor receptori diferi\u021bi din corp.<\/p><p>Histamina poate fi stimulant\u0103 sau inhibatoare \u00een ac\u021biunile sale, afect\u00e2nd mai multe regiuni ale creierului, precum \u0219i ale pielii, sistemelor cardiovasculare, digestive, respiratorii, reproductive \u0219i imune. [3]<\/p><p><strong><b>Cauzele frecvente ale intoleran\u021bei la histamin\u0103<\/b><\/strong>\u00a0<strong><b>includ<\/b><\/strong>:<\/p><ol><li>Boli inflamatorii intestinale (sau orice cauz\u0103 de deteriorare a enterocitelor &#8211; celulele care acoper\u0103 intestinul)<\/li><li>Boala celiac\u0103<\/li><li>Disbioz\u0103 intestinal\u0103<\/li><li>Supra\u00eenc\u0103rcare bacterian\u0103 \u00een intestinul sub\u021bire \u00a0\u00a0(SIBO) (SIBO)<\/li><li>Infec\u021bii parazitare, cum ar fi Giardia<\/li><li>Intestin permeabil sau cre\u0219terea permeabilit\u0103\u021bii intestinale<\/li><li>Alcoolul sau al\u021bi inhibitori DAO<\/li><li>Excesul de amine biogene \u00een diet\u0103<\/li><li>Medicamente care cresc histamina<\/li><li>Alergii la mancare<\/li><li>Polimorfisme genetice, cum ar fi MTHFR \u0219i altele care scad DAO, MAO, ALDH<\/li><\/ol><p><strong><b><br \/>Deficien\u021be ale cofactorilor vitaminic<\/b><\/strong>i pe care se bazeaz\u0103 \u00a0DAO \u0219i MAO ,pot provoca, de asemenea, activitate anormal\u0103 \u00a0enzimatic\u0103.<\/p><p><strong><b>Cei doi agen\u021bi de degradare ai histaminei \u00een organism<\/b><\/strong><\/p><p><strong><b>Histamin-metiltransferaza \u2013 santinela organelor interne <\/b><\/strong><\/p><p>Calea principal\u0103 prin care histamina endogen\u0103 este metabolizat\u0103 \u00een organism este prin enzima histamin-metiltransferaz\u0103 (HMT). HMT este prezent\u0103 \u00een citosolul celulelor din multe \u021besuturi, inclusiv rinichii, ficatul, splina, prostata, ovarele, m\u0103duva spin\u0103rii, bronhiile \u0219i traheea. [4]<\/p><p>HMT este prezent\u0103 \u00een \u021besuturile c\u0103ilor respiratorii care joac\u0103 un rol important \u00een degradarea histaminei \u0219i reglarea r\u0103spunsului c\u0103ilor respiratorii la histamin\u0103. [5]<\/p><p>Produsele intermediare ale metabolismului histaminei prin HMT sunt defalcate de enzimele monoaminoxidaz\u0103 B (MAO B) \u0219i aldehid dehidrogenaz\u0103 (ALDH). [1,6]<\/p><p>HMT catalizeaz\u0103 metilarea histaminei \u00een prezen\u021ba donatorilor de metil, cum ar fi S-adenosil -L-metionin\u0103 (SAMe). [7]<\/p><p>Polimorfismele nucleotidice unice (SNP) din oricare dintre aceste enzime pot afecta capacitatea organismului de a metaboliza \u0219i elimina histamina \u0219i produsele catabolismului acesteia. [8]<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><strong><b>Diaminoxidaza \u0219i histamina alimentar\u0103<\/b><\/strong><\/p><p><strong><b>Diamina oxidaza (DAO),<\/b><\/strong>\u00a0cunoscut\u0103 \u0219i sub numele de histaminaz\u0103, este principala enzim\u0103 responsabil\u0103 de metabolismul histaminei ingerate. Se g\u0103se\u0219te la niveluri ridicate \u00een citoplasma mucoasei gastro-intestinale \u0219i, de asemenea, se produce la niveluri ridicate \u00een placent\u0103 \u0219i rinichi. [9]<\/p><p>HMT este, de asemenea, prezent\u0103 \u00een epiteliul intestinal, cu toate acestea DAO joac\u0103 rolul principal al descompunerii histaminei \u00een intestin, deoarece este secretat\u0103 continuu \u00een lumenul intestinal.<\/p><p>\u00cen cazul afect\u0103rii mucoasei gastrointestinale sau a polimorfismelor genetice, pot exista niveluri sc\u0103zute de DAO \u0219i deficien\u021ba slab\u0103 a histaminei exogene. [10], [11]<\/p><p>Vitamina B6, vitamina C \u0219i cuprul sunt co-factori necesari pentru buna func\u021bionare a DAO. [12], [13], [14]<\/p><p><strong><b>Microbiomul \u2013 uzina bacterian\u0103 din intestinul uman<\/b><\/strong><\/p><p>De\u0219i nu suntem con\u0219tien\u021bi de asta, o popula\u021bie substan\u021bial\u0103 de microbi tr\u0103ie\u0219te \u00een tractul nostru digestiv. [15] C\u00e2nd se dezechilibreaz\u0103, ca \u00een cazul \u00eenmul\u021birii excesive a bacteriilor din intestinul sub\u021bire (SIBO) \u00a0sau cre\u0219terii excesive a fungilor, \u00a0aceast\u0103 popula\u021bie intestinal\u0103 de microbi poate contribui, de asemenea, la producerea unei cantit\u0103\u021bi uria\u0219e de histamin\u0103. [16]<\/p><p>Mul\u021bi oameni care sufer\u0103 de intoleran\u021b\u0103 la histamin\u0103 au fie deficien\u021be \u00een produc\u021bia de enzim\u0103 DAO (care descompune histamina), fie se presupune c\u0103 au un exces de bacterii \u0219i fungi \u00a0care au devenit uzine \u00a0de producere a histaminei.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><strong><b>Ce este intoleran\u021ba alimentar\u0103<\/b><\/strong><\/p><p>Un alt factor de risc este intoleran\u021ba alimentar\u0103. Potrivit Institutului Na\u021bional de Alergii din Statele Unite, intoleran\u021b\u0103 alimentar\u0103 poate apare atunci c\u00e2nd:<\/p><ol><li>corpul nu are o anumit\u0103 enzim\u0103 pentru a digera nutrien\u021bii,<\/li><li>nutrien\u021bii sunt prea abunden\u021bi pentru a fi digera\u021bi complet sau<\/li><li>un anumit nutrient nu poate fi digerat corect.<\/li><\/ol><p><br \/>Simptomele adverse pot ap\u0103rea atunci c\u00e2nd sunt consumate alimente care con\u021bin compu\u0219i la care o persoan\u0103 este intolerant\u0103. \u00a0Un exemplu obi\u0219nuit este intoleran\u021ba la lactoz\u0103, asociat\u0103 cu deficien\u021ba lactazei- o enzim\u0103 necesar\u0103 digestiei zaharurilor din lapte.<\/p><p>\u00a0Intoleran\u021ba la histamin\u0103 este un alt exemplu, caracterizat\u0103 prin faptul c\u0103 persoana \u00een cauz\u0103 este incapabil\u0103 s\u0103 metabolizeze eficient histamina care provine din alimente sau medicamente \u0219i din aceast\u0103 cauz\u0103 experimenteaz\u0103 simptome mediate de histamin\u0103.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><strong><b>Manifest\u0103rile clinice ale excesului de histamin\u0103 din organism<\/b><\/strong><\/p><p>\u00a0Din punct de vedere clinic, manifest\u0103rile excesului de histamin\u0103 sau de intoleran\u021b\u0103 la histamin\u0103 includ un mozaic de simptome diverse, toate av\u00e2nd un numitor comun- acumularea de histamin\u0103 \u00een organism. Simptomele nespecifice asociate cu excesul de histamin\u0103 pot implica sistemul nervos central (SNC), tractul gastro-intestinal, sistemul cardiovascular, tractul respirator, pielea \u0219i sistemul de reproducere.1,10<\/p><ul><li>Simptomele SNC pot include dureri de cap, insomnie, agita\u021bie, ame\u021beli, anxietate , depresie \u0219i tulburare de panic\u0103.<\/li><li>Simptomele pielii \u0219i \u00a0mucoaselor pot include urticarie, m\u00e2nc\u0103rime, ro\u0219ea\u021b\u0103 \u0219i umflarea pielii sau a buzelor \u0219i a limbii asem\u0103n\u0103toare unei reac\u021bii anafilactice.<\/li><li>Simptomele respiratorii \u0219i ale c\u0103ilor respiratorii pot include tuse, suferin\u021b\u0103 respiratorie, simptome astmatice, str\u0103nut \u0219i flegm\u0103.<\/li><li>Simptomele cardiovasculare pot include modific\u0103ri ale tensiunii arteriale, palpita\u021bii \u0219i alte tulbur\u0103ri ale ritmului cardiac.<\/li><li>Simptomele gastrointestinale pot include durere, balonare, diaree \u0219i reflux gastroesofagian.<\/li><li>Femeile pot prezenta simptome de reproducere, inclusiv dismenoree \u0219i dureri de cap asociate ciclului menstrual. 1,10<\/li><\/ul><p><strong><b><br \/>Alimentele r\u0103spunz\u0103toare de acumularea de histamin\u0103 \u00een organism<\/b><\/strong><\/p><p>Nivelurile de histamin\u0103 din alimente variaz\u0103 considerabil, iar nivelurile cresc odat\u0103 cu maturarea sau fermentarea produselor. Din acest motiv, alimentele care con\u021bin niveluri ridicate de histamin\u0103 includ br\u00e2nzeturile maturate, carnea fermentat\u0103. b\u0103uturile alcoolice (\u00een special vinul ro\u0219u) \u0219i varza murat\u0103. [17], [18]<\/p><p>Alimentele \u0219i medicamentele pot avea, de asemenea, o ac\u021biune de eliberare a histaminei sau pot ac\u021biona pentru a inhiba descompunerea histaminei.<\/p><p>Alimentele care pot duce la eliberarea histaminei includ citrice, c\u0103p\u0219uni, nuci, ro\u0219ii, spanac, ciocolat\u0103, albu\u0219 de ou, crustacee, carne de porc, \u00a0pe\u0219te, unii aditivi alimentari \u0219i condimente.<\/p><p>O mare varietate de medicamente poate, de asemenea, inhiba descompunerea histaminei<\/p><p>O observa\u021bie cheie este c\u0103 activitatea seric\u0103 a DAO este semnificativ mai redus\u0103 la persoanele cu suspiciune de intoleran\u021b\u0103 la histamin\u0103. [19] La ace\u0219ti indivizi, s-a constatat c\u0103 nivelul seric al activit\u0103\u021bii DAO a crescut odat\u0103 cu respectarea unei diete cu con\u021binut sc\u0103zut de histamin\u0103 &#8211; o rela\u021bie invers\u0103 de mare valoare clinic\u0103.<\/p><p>Principalele simptome pe care le-au experimentat ace\u0219ti subiec\u021bi au implicat pielea, tractul gastro-intestinal, sistemul respirator \u0219i ochii, care au suferit, de asemenea, amelior\u0103ri consecutive adopt\u0103rii unei diete cu nivel de histamin\u0103 sc\u0103zut.<\/p><p>Din aceste constat\u0103ri, a fost dezvoltat un test pentru a evalua intoleran\u021ba la histamin\u0103 prin evaluarea nivelului activit\u0103\u021bii DAO serice sau plasmatice.19 Alte modalit\u0103\u021bi de a investiga dac\u0103 intoleran\u021ba la histamin\u0103 este o problem\u0103 este utilizarea unui jurnal de diet\u0103, posibil combinat\u0103 cu evitarea histaminei \u0219i testarea provoc\u0103rii.<\/p><p>Deoarece exist\u0103 la ora actual\u0103 \u00a0nutraceutice sau suplimente care con\u021bin enzima DAO, care cu rol \u00een descompunerea histaminei de provenien\u021b\u0103 alimentar\u0103, investiga\u021biile ar putea include, de asemenea, consumul de alimente bogate \u00een histamin\u0103, cu sau f\u0103r\u0103 suplimentarea DAO, pentru a vedea dac\u0103 simptomele se diminueaz\u0103 odat\u0103 cu utilizarea enzimei.<\/p><p>Un supliment certificat \u0219i aprobat \u0103n Rom\u00e2nia se nume\u0219te DAO Plus \u0219i con\u021bine, pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 diaminoxidaza necesar\u0103 elimin\u0103rii histaminei \u00een exces, quercetina, un compus util \u00een ameliorarea simptomatologiei derivate din surplusul histaminic alimentar.<\/p><p><strong><b>Dac\u0103 testarea genetic\u0103 arat\u0103 c\u0103 exist\u0103 polimorfisme \u00een DAO, suplimentarea pe termen lung cu aceast\u0103 enzim\u0103 poate fi adecvat\u0103 pentru a media consecin\u021bele sistemice asupra excesului de histamin\u0103 asupra s\u0103n\u0103t\u0103\u021bii.<\/b><\/strong><\/p><p>Testarea triptazei, care este eliberat\u0103 din mastocite \u00eempreun\u0103 cu histamina atunci c\u00e2nd aceste celule sunt activate, ar putea fi evaluat\u0103 \u00eempreun\u0103 cu analizarea histaminei \u00een urina \u00a0colectat\u0103 timp de 24 de ore. Acest lucru nu ar oferi \u00een mod direct informa\u021bii despre degradarea histaminei, dar ar clarifica dac\u0103 nivelurile ridicate de histamin\u0103 sunt o problem\u0103.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><strong><b>Exist\u0103 tratament pentru intoleran\u021ba la histamin\u0103? <\/b><\/strong><\/p><p><strong><b>Strategiile de tratament<\/b><\/strong>\u00a0pentru persoanele care sufer\u0103 de intoleran\u021b\u0103 la histamin\u0103 includ evitarea alimentelor cu niveluri ridicate de histamin\u0103, evitarea substan\u021belor care elibereaz\u0103 histamin\u0103, evitarea medicamentelor care inhib\u0103 DAO sau HMT, suplimentarea enzimei DAO la mesele care con\u021bin histamin\u0103 \u0219i \/ sau utilizarea antihistaminice sau substan\u021be naturale care sus\u021bin descompunerea histaminei.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>\u00a0O combina\u021bie a acestor strategii poate fi cea mai eficient\u0103 modalitate de abordare, deoarece evitarea absolut\u0103 a histaminei nu este fezabil\u0103 pentru majoritatea persoanelor.<\/p><p>Bibliografie<\/p><p><a href=\"#_ftnref2\"><u>[1]<\/u><\/a>\u00a0Windaus A, Vogt W. Synthese des Imidazolyl-athylamins. Ber. Dtsch. Chem. Ges<\/p><p><a name=\"_ftn2\"><\/a><a href=\"#_ftnref2\"><u>[2]<\/u><\/a>\u00a0Dale HH, Laidlaw PP. The physiological action of \u03b2-iminazolylethylamine. Journal Physiology. 1911<\/p><p><a name=\"_ftn3\"><\/a><a href=\"#_ftnref3\"><u>[3]<\/u><\/a>\u00a0 Novak N. Histamine and histamine intolerance. American Journal Clin Nutr. 2007 May;85(5)<\/p><p><a name=\"_ftn4\"><\/a><a href=\"#_ftnref4\"><u>[4]<\/u><\/a>\u00a0Schwelberger HG. Histamine N-methyltransferase (HNMT) enzyme and gene. Histamine: biology and medical aspects. 2004: 53-9.<\/p><p><a name=\"_ftn5\"><\/a><a href=\"#_ftnref5\"><u>[5]<\/u><\/a>\u00a0Yamauchi K, et al. Structure and function of human histamine N-methyltransferase: critical enzyme in histamine metabolism in airway. American J Physiol. 1994 Sep;267<\/p><p><a name=\"_ftn6\"><\/a><a href=\"#_ftnref6\"><u>[6]<\/u><\/a>\u00a0Schayer RW. The metabolism of histamine in various species. Br J Pharmacol Chemotherapy. 1956<\/p><p><a name=\"_ftn7\"><\/a><a href=\"#_ftnref7\"><u>[7]<\/u><\/a>\u00a0 Scott MC et al.Histamine N-methyltransferase: inhibition by monoamine oxidase inhibitors. Agents Actions. 1993 Sep;40(1-2)<\/p><p><a name=\"_ftn8\"><\/a><a href=\"#_ftnref8\"><u>[8]<\/u><\/a>\u00a0Garc\u00eda-Mart\u00edn E. et al. Polymorphisms of histamine-metabolizing enzymes and clinical manifestations. Clin Exp Allergy. 2007 Aug;37(8)<\/p><p><a name=\"_ftn9\"><\/a><a href=\"#_ftnref9\"><u>[9]<\/u><\/a>\u00a0Biega\u0144ski T, et al. Distribution and properties of human intestinal diamine oxidase and its relevance for the histamine catabolism. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1983 Mar 31;<\/p><p><a name=\"_ftn10\"><\/a><a href=\"#_ftnref10\"><u>[10]<\/u><\/a>\u00a0D\u2019Agostino L et al. Postheparin plasma DAO in subjects with small bowel mucosal atrophy. Dig Dis Sci. 1987 Mar;32(3)<\/p><p><a name=\"_ftn11\"><\/a><a href=\"#_ftnref11\"><u>[11]<\/u><\/a>\u00a0Maintz L, et al. 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Front Biosci (Landmark Ed). 2012<\/p><p><a name=\"_ftn17\"><\/a><a href=\"#_ftnref17\"><u>[17]<\/u><\/a>\u00a0Silla Santos MH. Biogenic amines: their importance in foods. Int J Food Microbiol. 1996 Apr;29(2-3)<\/p><p><a name=\"_ftn18\"><\/a><a href=\"#_ftnref18\"><u>[18]<\/u><\/a>\u00a0Bodmer S, Imark C, Kneub\u00fchl M. Biogenic amines in foods: histamine and food processing. Inflamm Res. 1999<\/p><p><a name=\"_ftn19\"><\/a><a href=\"#_ftnref19\"><u>[19]<\/u><\/a>\u00a0Mu\u0161i\u010d E, Koro\u0161ec P, \u0160ilar M, Adami\u010d K, Ko\u0161nik M, Rijavec M.. Serum diamine oxidase activity as a diagnostic test for histamine intolerance. Wien Klin Wochenschr. 2013 May;125<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00cen ultimii ani cercet\u0103torii au explorat mecanismele din spatele intoleran\u021bei tot mai recunoscute \u0219i mai bine \u00een\u021belese la histamin\u0103. Se estimeaz\u0103 c\u0103 1% din popula\u021bie sufer\u0103 de acest sindrom. Responsabil\u0103 pentru o gam\u0103 larg\u0103 de simptome \u00een aparen\u021b\u0103 distincte, ingestia de alimente care con\u021bin histamin\u0103 de c\u0103tre indivizi ne\u00eenarmati pentru a neutraliza eficient aceast\u0103 amin\u0103 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2765,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[191,128],"tags":[171,131],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/geneceutica.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3391"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/geneceutica.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/geneceutica.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/geneceutica.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/geneceutica.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3391"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/geneceutica.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3391\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/geneceutica.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2765"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/geneceutica.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3391"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/geneceutica.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3391"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/geneceutica.ro\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3391"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}